PERCHLORATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE USA

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada NewHampshire New Jersey NewMexico New York NorthCarolina NorthDakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania RhodeIsland SouthCarolina SouthDakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington WestVirginia Wisconsin Wyoming / Puerto Rico

Note: California water utilities are required to test for perchlorate by the end of 2000; a national survey by the American Water Works Association Research Foundation will be available in the spring of 2001; national surveillance testing by US EPA is scheduled to be conducted between 2001 and 2003.

I. THE EAST

A. EPA REGION II -- THE BIG APPLE & ENVIRONS

1. New York:

• Hooker Chemical, Niagara Falls NY - Full scale US military production of perchlorate began here in 1940, and continued until 1975. Since 1968, Hooker Chemical has been a subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum of Los Angeles, CA. Yes, these are the folks who brought you Love Canal. See high incidence of thyroid cancer in Niagara Falls at http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/cancer/csii/main.htm.

2. New Jersey:

• Fairmount Chemical, Newark NJ
• H. Reisman Corp., 377 Crane St., Orange NJ 07051
• U.S. Army Tank  Automotive and Armaments Command, near Mount Hope, NJ. Contact: Terry Tighe 810-574-5262
• Standard RWY Fusee Co., Boonton NJ
• Hummel Croton, Inc. P.O. Box 250, South Plainfield NJ 08344-0768
• Shieldalloy Corp., 12 West Blvd. PO Box 768, Newfield NJ 08344-0768

3. Puerto Rico: No data. The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

B. EPA REGION III: CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE BASINS

1. Delaware: No data. The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

2. Virginia: Chilean nitrate fertilizer tainted with perchlorate is known to have been used in the cultivation of tobacco.

• Atlantic Research, 5945 Wellington Road,  Gainesville VA 22065 (20155 zipalso given)  703-754-5316
  Tim Holden, Environmental contact: 703-754-5106 Produces the MLRS using HTPB AP based propellent - still planning to open burn this material. (Suburban Washington DC near Bull Run battlefield. Research facility in Arkansas contaminated water supply for East Camden to ~100 ppb)
• A & B Chemical, 2931 Second Avenue, Suite 100,  Richmond VA 23222
  (Has plant in Ogden UT)
• Defense General Supply, 8000 Jefferson Davis Highway, Richmond VA 23297
• Hercules Powder Company, Pepper VA (Have not located yet.)
• Defense General Supply Yorktown plant, Yorktown VA (Chesapeake Bay).
• Paige Ireco (formerly Gibson Explosives), PO Box 33, Duffield, VA 24244
  (In the Appalachian mountains of southwest Virginia).
• Radford Army Ammunition plant. Recent incidence of thyroid medical procedures in West Virginia immediately down the New River from this facility is unusually high, but I know nothing of the volume or method of disposal of perchlorate in Radford.

3. Maryland:

• Thiokol Corporation, P. O. Box 241, Elkton MD 21922
• New Jersey Fireworks, Elkton MD
• Aberdeen Proving Ground, Ken Stachiw, 410-436-3320 (Elkton and Aberdeen are at the north end of Chesapeake Bay)
• Samuel Jackson Fusee Co., Easton MD
  (Eastern Shore)
• Naval Surface Warfare Center, 202 Strauss Ave., Indian Head, MD 20640
  (Potomac River below Washington, DC)
• Naval Surface Warfare Center, 10901 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Springs MD 20903
• Alliant Tech Systems (formerly Hercules Powder, currently headquartered in West Virginia), Cumberland MD
  (Potomac River above Washington, DC; see also West Virginia)

4. Pennsylvania:

• Aerial Arts, Hatfield, PA (Corporate Headquarters for Aerial Arts is 18355 165st NE, Foley, MN)
• Service Chemical, Telford, PA (Both Aerial Arts and Service Chemical lie some 20 miles northwest of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, near the Bucks County-Montgomery County line)
• Naval Inventory Control Point, Mechanicsburg PA (Suburb of Harrisburg)
• Atlas Powder Co., PO Box 271, Tamaqua PA 18252
• Explo-Tech, Inc., Mt. Carmel PA (A subsidiary of An/Gel Int, 33 C Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84103) (Both Mt. Carmel and Tamaqua are in the Appalachians along Interstate 81, southeast and south respectively, of Hazleton, PA)
• KESCO Inc., Kittanning, PA.Corporate HQ:  PO Box 95, Adrian PA 16210-0095 (Kittaning is on the Allegheny River northeast of Pittsburgh).

5. West Virginia: Queries about the perchlorate situation in West Virginia can be directed to Mr. Tom Bass of the Environmental Remediation Office, Division of Environmental Protection, at 304-558-2508.

• Water supply from New River? There is a high incidence of thyroid disease in Summers County immediately downstream from a perchlorate processing arsenal in Virginia. See Radford, VA
• Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Alliant Tech Systems, Allegheny Ballistics Laboratory, 210 State Route 956, Rocket Center, WV 26726 Tel. 304-726-5000 Near Keyser WV, up Potomac watershed from Cumberland, MD. A new machining facility is driving Alliant s need to dispose of ammonium perchlorate in an energetic environment,  i.e. where there is danger of it being ignited. At th perchlorate contamination of groundwater on the order of 400 ppb is associated with a plume of TCE. Direct dumping of perchlorate into the North Branch of the Potomac River apparently halted when regulators began monitoring for perchlorate in November, 1999. The regulator responsible for this site is Mr. Tom Bass of the Superfund Unit of the Environmental Remediation Office, Division of Environmental Protection at 304-558-2745.
• Appalachian Explosives, Romney WV (up Potomac watershed from Cumberland, MD; owned by An/Gel Int, 33 C Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84103). Regulators have hinted that there is groundwater contamination here as well.
• Newell Specialties, State Route 2, Newell WV 26050 (On Ohio River near Ohio-Pennsylvania border. Please also note perchlorate sites on the Ohio side of the river. Some of these may be relevant to a high incidence of thyroid disease in the Wheeling, WV area (Union and Brooke Counties).

C. EPA REGION V: GREAT LAKES

1. Ohio:

• Hilltop Energy Inc., Lisbon OH (A subsidiary of An/Gel International, 33
  C. St., Salt Lake City, UT)
• Barium & Chemicals, Steubenville OH ( http://www.bariumchemicals.com/ )
• Servo Dynamics, Marietta OH, Corporate HQ: Rt. 1, Box 132 E. Roddfield, Corpus Christi TX 78414
• Fanaco, Inc. Cincinnati OH
  (All of the above are on or near the Ohio River)
• Standard RWY Fusee Co., Fostoria OH (Northeast of Findlay, OH)
• Austin Powder, 25800 Science Park Drive, Cleveland Ohio 44122
• G. F. Smith Chemicals, Columbus - Corporate HQ: PO Box 245, Powell OH. G. F. Smith is the original US manufacturer of perchlorate, starting production in 1928.

2. Michigan:

• Ireco, Inc., Ishperning MI, Corporate HQ: 11th Floor, Crossroads Tower, Salt Lake City, UT 84144 (Upper Peninsula, Lake Superior side, near Marquette)

3. Indiana:

• Olin Corp., RR 6 Box 542, Peru IN 46970
• (Given the grouping of the auto sealant division of Gencorp with Aerojet in the pending corporate spinoff, and the joint use of the Batesville, Arkansas facility by both sealant and ordnance divisions, the Gencorp plants at Wabash and Marion IN upstream from Peru may also be a problem.)
• Crane Naval Weapons Support Center, 300 Highway 361, Crane IN 47522. Contact: Dan Burch. Tel. 812-854-3505.  Email.db3739@smtp.nwscc.sea06.navy.mil Generates wastewater from conventional weapons demilitarization.
• (Peru is along the upper Wabash River, midway between Indianapolis and the Michigan border; Crane is southwest of Bloomington and lies adjacent to the Greenwood Reservoir, which feeds into the White and Wabash Rivers. Fireworks factories in Danville, IL also probably dump into the Wabash)
• Melrose Fireworks, PO Box 302, Kingsbury IN 46345
• Aerial Dynamics, PO Box 304, Kingsbury IN 46345
• Kingsbury Industries,  Kingsbury IN 46345 (Kingsbury is just beyond the Chicago metropolitan area, south of La Porte, IN and about 5 miles from the Kankakee River.)

4. Illinois:

• Harold Dunbar Paper Company, Chicago IL
• Talley Defence Systems, Joliet IL Corporate HQ: PO Box 849, Mesa AZ (Joliet is on the Des Plaines River, near the junction with the Kankakee River that forms the Illinois River).
• Lakeside Fusee, South Beloit IL (Where the Rock River crosses the Illinois-Wisconsin line).
• Savanna US Army Defense Ammunition Center, 3700 Army Depot Road, Savanna IL 61074-9639.  Large rocket motor and conventional ordnance disposal. Contact Jim Wheeler, 815-273-8084. (Perchlorate at a few parts-per-billion has been detected in drinking water in Clinton and Davenport, Iowa, just down the Mississippi River from this facility)
• World Fireworks, Danville IL
• Star Fireworks, Danville IL (Danville is on the Illinois-Indiana border, where the Vermillion River flows into the Wabash River).
• Propellex, PO Box 387, Edwardsville, IL 62025 (Edwardsville is a suburb northeast of St. Louis)
• Olin Corporation, PO Box 278, Marion IL 62959 (Olin is adjacent to Crab Orchard Lake, which I was always told provided the water for Carbondale, my old Southern Illinois hometown.  Yes, my mother has thyroid and autoimmune problems -- so does my uncle who worked as a yeoman at the Las Vegas Navy facility that made this stuff during World War II.  He also lived most of his life in Orange County, CA, drinking Colorado River water that has contained perchlorate for who-knows-how-long.  Then there s my aunt with thyroid problems in Greenwood, IN, where low levels of perchlorate were found in the drinking water.  All of these water-borne exposures are probably much smaller than what is found in most lettuce in this country.  The bottom line is that perchlorate is ubiquitous, and whether chronic exposure to ClO4- has anything to do with thyroid disease remains to be seen. The conventional wisdom is that there is no connection, but we don t know diddly about perchlorate-vanadium interactions in the thyroid, so there are no guarantees.  Until we can track where perchlorate is in the food and water supply and look for correlations with thyroid ailments, it s just a disturbing question that the authorities want to avoid.)

5. Wisconsin:

• Bartolottas Fireworks, Delafield, WI Corporate HQ: Ireco Inc. (formerly Pacific Powder) 628 Columbia, NW, Suite 1-A Olympia, WA 98501 (Delafield is 20 miles west of Milwaukee on Interstate 94)

6. Minnesota:

• Nitrochem Energy Corp., PO Box B, Biwabik MN 55708
• Thermex Energy, Biwabik MN 55708 Corporate HQ: 13601 Preston Road, Suite 900 W., Dallas TX 75240
• Cook Slurry, Gilbert MN Corporate HQ: Cook Associates, 2026 Beneficial Life Tower, 3650 State St., Salt Lake City, UT 84111 (Biwabik and Gilbert are part of the Mesabi Range mining district.)
• Aerial Arts, 18355 165th St. NE, Foley MN 56329 (Foley is 15 miles northeast of St. Cloud in central Minnesota).

D. EPA REGION I: NEW ENGLAND

The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region. All this void indicates is that no perchlorate was shipped to munitions, explosives, or fireworks factories in New England during the 1990s. So any  contamination that does exist probably comes from decades-old industrial activities -- in some parts of Southern California the perchlorate groundwater plumes are 40 years old and have drifted 15 miles from their point of origin.

1. Connecticut: No data. The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

2. Rhode Island: No data. The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

3. Massachusetts:

• The Silent Spring Institute has informed me they plan to have drinking water at Cape Cod checked for perchlorate.

4. New Hampshire: No data. The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

5. Vermont: No data. The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

6. Maine: No data. The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

II. THE SOUTH

A. EPA REGION VI: DIXIE WITH OIL

1. Oklahoma:

• Probably the biggest perchlorate hotspot in this part of the midwest is around Joplin, MO: Thermex (formerly Gulf Oil), in Hallowell, KS; Corporate HQ:  13601 Preston Rd., Suite 900 W, Dallas TX 75240; also in Hallowell, Slurry Explosives (formerly El Dorado) is listed with corporate HQ at PO Box 348, Columbus KS 66725. The Hallowell plants may feed into the Lightning River, which immediately flows across the state line to the Miami, OK area. The Spring River likewise joins the Lightning River at the Grand Lake of the Cherokees -- that might be an interesting waterbody to sample. Atlas Powder appears to have two plants, one in Atlas, MO and one in Joplin proper -- Corporate HQ is at PO Box 87, Joplin MO 64801; then there is also an ICI (Imperial Chemical Company?) plant in Joplin, with corporate HQ at PO Box 819, Valley Forge PA 19482.

2. New Mexico:

State Regulatory Contact: Julie Wanslow, 505-827-1561 ext. 1023
julie_wanslow@nmenv.state.nm.us

• Longhorn Manufacturing Company/Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, Roswell NM (Perchlorate has been used in many areas at Longhorn both with the Pershing and base burner.)
• Cannon Air Force Base, Clovis NM
• White Sands Missile Range (Tests large rockets and motors; the range lies between the Rio Grande River and Alamogordo, NM). State authorities confirm 21 ppb in open burn area.
• Aerojet Ordnance Facility, Socorro, NM next to Rio Grande River
• Perchlorate said to exist in langbeinite mined as potash in Carlsbad area. This formation is limited to Eddy County and the adjacent Texas border. State water authorities informed me that groundwater is used for drinking in this arid county, so the potential exists for an epidemiological study of long term exposure to perchlorate in drinking water.

3. Texas: Perchlorate-tainted nitrate fertilizer from Chile has been used on cotton. There is also some suggestion that surplus sodium perchlorate was sometimes informally used as cotton defoliant.

• Alliant Tech (formerly Hercules, Inc.) McGregor, TX ( Small amounts of
  perchlorate in creeks adjacent to this shutdown facility; major cleanup in
  store on-site; McGregor is about 15 miles southwest of Waco.)
• See the Nov. 1998 issue at http://www.brazos.org/is/news.htm
• M & M Chemical, 103 Stovall, Waco TX 76706
• Servo Dynamics, Inc. Rt. 1, Box 132 E. Roddfield, Corpus Christi, TX
• Thermex (formerly Gulf), Houston TX Corporate HQ: 13601 Preston Road,
  Suite 900 West, Dallas TX 75240
• Slumberger, PO Box 1590, Rosharon, TX 77583 (Rosharon lies between Houston
  and Galveston)
• Shaped Charge Specialists, Mansfield TX
• Harrison Jet Guns, 6915 Hudson Village Creek Rd., Kennedale TX 76060
  (Mansfield and Kennedale are southern suburbs of the Dallas-Fort Worth
  metro area)
• RTF Enterprises, Marshall TX
• Closed Thiokol facility, Karnak TX (Perchlorate from the Marshall-Karnak
  area has been found in Caddo Lake, on the Texas-Louisiana border northwest
  of Shreveport, LA) http://netmwd.com/Caddo/Caddorpt.htm
• Water supply from upper Rio Grande? See Socorro, NM
  

4. Louisiana: Perchlorate-tainted nitrate fertilizer from Chile has been used on cotton. There is also some suggestion that surplus sodium perchlorate was sometimes informally used as cotton defoliant.

• (Perchlorate probably enters Louisiana from East Camden, Arkansas via the Ouachita River, but since this river contains other contaminants from wood pulp factories  it is not used as a drinking water source.)
• Bartlett Chemicals, New Orleans

5. Arkansas: Perchlorate-tainted nitrate fertilizer from Chile has been used on cotton. There is also some suggestion that surplus sodium perchlorate was sometimes informally used as cotton defoliant.

• Atlantic Research Corp., East Camden AR 71701 Corporate HQ: PO Box 1036, Camden AR 71701 (Uses large amounts of perchlorate; well in East Camden contaminated to 100 ppb level; see
  http://www.swl.usace.army.mil/projmgt/shumaker.html for further information).
• Aerojet Ordnance facility located at Camden from 1965-1974. State water authorities have declined to give details of this exposure.
• Mining Services International, East Camden AR 71701
• Hitech Inc., Woodbury AR Corporate HQ: PO Box 3112, East Camden AR 71701 (Woodbury is the next town to the east of East Camden).
• Pine Bluff Arsenal on Arkansas River.
• SECO Inc., Midland AR Corporate HQ: Austin Powder, 25800 Science Park Drive, Cleveland Ohio 44122 (Midland is near the Oklahoma-Arkansas border, about 20 miles south of Fort Smith.)
• Aerojet Ordnance facility in Batesville, 1965-1974, in Ozarks west of Jonesboro.

B. EPA REGION IV: DIXIE WITHOUT OIL

1. Mississippi: Perchlorate-tainted nitrate fertilizer from Chile has been used on cotton. There is also some suggestion that surplus sodium perchlorate was sometimes informally used as cotton defoliant.

• Aerojet at former Yellow River Nuclear Power plant, Iuka MS 1988-1993 on Tennessee River
• Hooker Chemical (now Eka Nobel) produced tons of perchlorate 1958-1965 in Columbus. This facility has historically discharged its wastes into the Tombigbee River. In the period 1970-1994 regional rates for fatal thyroid cancer amongst women and fatal connective tissue amongst men were above average.  The state regulator responsible for this site is Kevin Posey at 601-961-5128.
• Rebel Fireworks at Foxsworth near Columbia on the Pearl River
  

2. Alabama: Perchlorate-tainted nitrate fertilizer from Chile has been used on cotton. There is also some suggestion that surplus sodium perchlorate was sometimes informally used as cotton defoliant.

• Major complex (Thiokol, etc.) around Huntsville/Redstone Arsenal on Tennessee River.
  http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplal/redstnal.htm
  
• Boren Ireco in Parrish and Hercules/Alliant Tech in Bessemer, both west of Birmingham. Black Warrior River may be contaminated in vicinity of Tuscaloosa.

3. Florida: University of Florida Agriculture Extension publications have indicated that perchlorate contamination has been a problem in some of the state s orange groves.

• Florida has Eglin AFB and Patrick AFB
• Thermex Energy in Brooksville (some 35 miles north of Tampa), corporate HQ 13601 Preston Road, Suite 900 West, Dallas, TX 75240;
• and finally, the enigmatic CCT in Hollywood between Fort Lauderdale and Miami.
• Aerojet rocket testing facility near Homestead AFB in Dade County next to Everglades.

4. Georgia: Perchlorate-tainted nitrate fertilizer from Chile has been used on cotton. There is also some suggestion that surplus sodium perchlorate was sometimes informally used as cotton defoliant.

• ICI in Byron, south of Macon

5. South Carolina: Perchlorate-tainted nitrate fertilizer from Chile has been used on cotton. There is also some suggestion that surplus sodium perchlorate was sometimes informally used as cotton defoliant.

• Phillips Components, Columbia

6. North Carolina: Chilean fertilizer allegedly contaminated with perchlorate has been used in the cultivation of tobacco.

• Atlas Powder, Riegelwood near Cape Fear River north of Wilmington
• Gulf Oil, McCleansville, south of Chapel Hill near New Hope Reservoir

7. Tennessee:

• Southwestern Energy, An / Gel, east of Lenoir City near eastern Tennessee River.
• Kilgore Corp., Toone, near Trenton and Forked River. Western Tennessee River?, see Mississippi and Alabama.

8. Kentucky: Perchlorate-tainted nitrate fertilizer from Chile is  still used on tobacco.

I. THE WEST

A. REGION IX - SUNNY PACIFIC

1. California:  Check-out Perchlorate Webpage - News & Articles 

Latest test results -- http://www.dhs.cahwnet.gov/ps/ddwem/chemicals/perchl/perchlindex.htm
Hearing on San Gabriel Valley situation  -- http://democrats.assembly.ca.gov/members/a58

All major drinking water sources in California must be tested for perchlorate by the end of 2000. Partly out of a fear of personal injury suits, testing and reporting for perchlorate has lagged far behind testing for MTBE. In the last year half the water sources in the state have tested for MTBE, but only the university towns of Pasadena and Pomona have recently tested and reported perchlorate. The existence of perchlorate in most of the drinking water for San Diego and Orange counties is not even mentioned in the DHS site. Citizens of Orange County are, however, wary of perchlorate from El Toro: Search http://www.ocregister.com/archives

California has so many places listed I'll just type the towns:

• Aliso
• Viejo
• Auburn, Barstow (2 sites), China Lake, Edwards AFB
• Gardena, Hollister (3 sites, including highest levels found in drinking water so far - 810 ppb)
• Huntington Beach
• Ione
• Llano
• Long Beach
• Middletown
• Morgan Hill
• Rancho Cordova (that's me)
• Norwalk
• Ontario
• Pasadena (JPL)
• Pomona (low levels all over that town; Earl Hines, an environmental engineer with the Colorado Indian tribes, grew up there and he has Hashimoto's)
• Redwood City
• Rialto
• Riverside (2 sites), San Jose (United Technologies -- actually in the mtns. just north of Morgan Hill, with a little leakage into the Morgan Hill reservoir
• Santa Clarita/Saugus (2 sites; Whitaker Bermite) See http://www.clwa.org/Perchlorate.htm
  Tracy (Lawrence Livermore lab)
• Whittier
• Windsor
• Western Electro Chemical Company started perchlorate production in Los Angeles proper in 1941and then shifted operations to Las Vegas in 1952 ; the sole remaining perchlorate manufacturer in this country, American Pacific, originated from Western Electro.
• Sierra Army Depot, rocket motor treatment. Vandenburg AFB disposal of perchlorate since 1942

2. Nevada:

• Largo Marsino in Lockwood
• BOKMA in Fernley
• Las Vegas metropolitan area (not news to anybody there!)
• Hawthorne Army Depot.

3. Arizona:  

Fact sheet at - http://www.adeq.state.az.us/water/safe/fact.htm

Amongst regions of the US outside the Nevada Nuclear Test site fallout zone, before 1970 southern Arizona excluding Tucson (Yuma, Pinal, Graham, Greenlee, and Cochise Counties) had the highest regional female mortality rate for thyroid cancer in the country. Metals that are known to play a role in the bioreduction of  perchlorate such as rhenium and molybdenum are extensively mined in this region. 

Arizona Labs that can legally test for perchlorate:

Bolin Laboratories, Inc.
17631 N. 25th Avenue
Phoenix AZ 85023
Contact Name: Cynthia Bain
Contact Phone: 602-942-8220
Contact Email: cbain@legend-group.com

City of Phoenix Water Services Lab
2303 W. Durango Street
Phoenix AZ 85009
Contact Name: Harold Van Sickle
Contact Phone: 602-495-2922
Contact Email: hvansick@ci.phoenix.az.us

Aqua Tech Environmental Labs, Inc.
2700 E. Bilby Road
Tucson AZ 85706
Contact Name: Richard Mosher
Contact Phone: 520-573-6565
Contact Email: atelwest@aol.com


Perchlorate Sites:

• Colorado River Aqueduct and associated crops. Excess sodium perchlorate
  from Las Vegas was allegedly used as a defoliant on cotton.
• Aerodyne in Tempe and Chandler
• Unidynamics in Goodyear
• Talley Defense in Mesa
• Universal Propulsion in Phoenix
• Yuma Proving Ground

Apache Powder south of St. David in Cochise County. San Pedro River
downstream from the Apache plant is being tested.

4. Hawaii: No data.The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

B. REGION VIII - ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND GREAT PLAINS

1. Utah: Utah is the national center for perchlorate production in the 1990s.

• American Pacific, Cedar City
• Alliant Tech in Magna
• Thiokol in Brigham City
• Fireworks West in Logan
• Dyno Nobel and Atlas Powder in Lehi 
• Defense General Supply and A& B
• Chemical in Ogden
• Dyno Nobel and Hanex in Salt Lake City
• Tooele Army Depot
• Hill AFB
• Utah Test and Training Range -- Rocket demilitarization at Thermal Treatment Unit

2. Colorado:

• Historical exposure: South Fork of Platte River downstream from Rocky
  Mountain Arsenal (Denver area)
• Estes Model Rockets, Penrose
• Gateway Safety, Englewood
• KSI, Whitewater
• Vulcan Systems, Colorado Springs.

3. Wyoming:

• Thermex in Mills.

4. Montana: No data.The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

5. North Dakota:

• Fargo is the place! Starr Display in Harwood upstream of Fargo on the Red River and in Fargo proper. 
• Then there s Dakota Pyrotechnic just southwest of Fargo in Harwood.

6. South Dakota: No data.The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

C. REGION X - CLOUDY PACIFIC

1. Idaho:

• Firefox Enterprises in Pocatello

2. Oregon:

• Major historical (1958-1965) ClO4- production facility at Pennsalt, now Elf Atochem, in Portland.

3. Washington

• Ireco Inc. (formerly Pacific Powder) 628 Columbia NW, Suite 1-A, Olympia WA 98501

4. Alaska: No data.The absence of data is no sign that perchlorate contamination does not exist in the region.

D. REGION VII - HEARTLAND

1 & 2. Kansas & Missouri: High nitrate wells in Kansas? See Nebraska.

• Hodgdon Powder, a subsidiary of Pyrodex, in Herrington about 25 miles south of Junction City/Manhattan near the Lyon River.
• Probably the biggest perchlorate hotspot in the part of the midwest is around Joplin, MO: Thermex (formerly Gulf Oil), in Hallowell, KS; Corporate HQ:  13601 Preston Rd., Suite 900 W, Dallas TX 75240; also in Hallowell, Slurry Explosives (formerly El Dorado) is listed with corporate HQ at PO Box 348, Columbus KS 66725. The Hallowell plants may feed into the Lightning River, which immediately flows across the state line to the Miami, OK area. The Spring River likewise joins the Lightning River at the Grand Lake of the Cherokees.
• Atlas Powder appears to have two plants, one in Atlas, MO and one in Joplin proper -- Corporate HQ is at PO Box 87, Joplin MO 64801;
• then there is also an ICI (Imperial Chemical Company?) plant in Joplin, with corporate HQ at PO Box 819, Valley Forge PA 19482.

3. Iowa:

• Iowa had some low-level hits (2-5 ppb) in Davenport and Clinton's water supply; this was a  private water company's (American Water Works) survey, so these may be the only towns sampled. These hits maybe from Savanna Army facility on Mississippi River. See Illinois.

4. Nebraska: In Nebraska and Kansas the US EPA was supposed to be checking high nitrate wells for ClO4- using an Air Force lab, so contact EPA Region VII to get the latest info. I hear they found nothing above 4 ppb except for one shallow well. There may have been a historical exposure via perchlorate dumped into the Platte River at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver.